Do Cicadas Burrow In The Ground – ? Understanding Their Underground
Have you ever been serenaded by the distinct, buzzing chorus of cicadas on a warm summer day, only to wonder where these remarkable insects come from? Their sudden appearance can be a fascinating, if sometimes overwhelming, natural spectacle. For outdoor enthusiasts, campers, and homesteaders, understanding the natural world around us is key to a richer experience.
Many ask, do cicadas burrow in the ground, and the answer is a resounding yes! These intriguing insects spend the vast majority of their lives hidden beneath our feet. Their subterranean existence is a marvel of nature, a long wait that culminates in their brief, noisy emergence.
This article will guide you through the hidden world of cicadas, exploring their underground habits, life cycle, and what their burrowing means for you as you explore, garden, or simply enjoy your outdoor space. Get ready to gain a deeper appreciation for these unique creatures and learn how to coexist with them confidently.
Table of Contents
The Secret World Below: Why Do Cicadas Burrow in the Ground?
The question of why do cicadas burrow in the ground is central to understanding their entire existence. Unlike many insects that spend their larval stages above ground or in water, cicada nymphs are uniquely adapted for a long, subterranean life. This underground phase is critical for their development and survival.
They rely on the stable conditions below the surface for protection from predators and extreme weather. It’s a safe nursery where they can slowly mature, preparing for their grand debut. For outdoor adventurers, knowing this helps explain their sudden, seemingly miraculous appearance.
The Nymph Stage: A Long Wait Underground
Cicadas begin their lives as tiny eggs laid in tree branches. Once hatched, these first-instar nymphs drop to the ground. They immediately begin their downward journey, digging into the soil with specialized, shovel-like front legs.
Once settled, they find a suitable tree root. They then insert their piercing-sucking mouthparts into the root’s xylem. This allows them to feed on the watery sap, a low-nutrient diet that necessitates their extended developmental period.
Annual vs. Periodical Cicadas: Different Timelines, Same Habitat
While all cicadas burrow, their timelines vary dramatically. Annual cicadas, often heard every summer, spend 2-5 years underground. However, their staggered emergence means we hear some every year.
Periodical cicadas are the true champions of subterranean living. They emerge in massive broods every 13 or 17 years. These lengthy cycles are a fascinating survival strategy, overwhelming predators with sheer numbers when they finally surface.
Identifying Cicada Burrows and Their Exit Strategy
As you explore wooded areas, gardens, or campsites, you might spot evidence of cicada activity even before they emerge. Recognizing their burrows and exit holes can be a fun way to connect with nature. It’s like finding tiny, temporary architecture crafted by insects.
These signs are particularly prevalent in the weeks leading up to a major emergence. Keep an eye out for these subtle clues in your outdoor environment.
Cicada Chimneys: Small Towers of Soil
Before emerging, some cicada nymphs construct small “chimneys” or “turrets” of mud. These are hollow tubes extending an inch or two above the ground. Scientists aren’t entirely sure of their purpose, but theories suggest they might protect the nymph from excess water, regulate temperature, or simply be a byproduct of their tunneling.
You’ll typically find these in moist soil, often near trees. They’re a clear indicator that cicadas are preparing to surface soon. Spotting one is like getting a sneak peek at nature’s schedule.
Exit Holes: The Grand Departure Points
When the time is right, usually triggered by soil temperature, the mature cicada nymphs dig their way out. They leave behind perfectly circular exit holes, about half an inch in diameter. These holes can be incredibly numerous during a periodical cicada emergence, peppering the ground of forests and yards.
Observing these holes can be quite exciting. It means you’re just hours or days away from witnessing the adult cicadas climb, shed their exoskeletons, and begin their adult lives. This is a prime opportunity for nature photography!
Encountering Cicadas in the Wild: What to Expect
For campers, hikers, and anyone spending time outdoors, encountering cicadas is an inevitable part of experiencing certain regions during their emergence. Understanding what to expect can turn potential apprehension into genuine awe. It’s about appreciating the natural spectacle.
While their numbers can be astounding and their chorus loud, cicadas are generally harmless. They are a temporary, albeit intense, part of the ecosystem. Being prepared helps you enjoy the experience rather than endure it.
The Sound: Nature’s Summer Symphony
The most noticeable aspect of a cicada emergence is the sound. Male cicadas produce incredibly loud buzzing, clicking, and whirring sounds to attract mates. This chorus can reach over 90 decibels, comparable to a lawnmower or a passing motorcycle.
While it can be overwhelming, especially during a periodical emergence, it’s a temporary phenomenon. Earplugs can be helpful for light sleepers or those sensitive to noise, particularly if camping in an affected area. Embrace it as a unique soundscape of the wilderness.
Cicadas and Your Campsite: Tips for Coexistence
If you’re camping during a cicada emergence, expect them to be present. They will land on tents, trees, and occasionally people. They are not interested in you or your food. Here are a few practical tips:
- Choose a campsite wisely, perhaps one with fewer trees if possible, though this isn’t always feasible.
- Keep tent zippers closed to prevent them from entering your shelter.
- Bring a small brush or whisk broom to gently remove them from surfaces if desired.
- Remember they are not pests; they are simply part of the natural cycle.
Are Cicadas Dangerous? Dispelling Common Myths
Cicadas are harmless to humans and pets. They do not bite or sting. Their primary goal is to mate and lay eggs before their short adult lives end.
They may accidentally land on you, but they are not aggressive. For pets, consuming a few cicadas is generally not harmful, though large quantities might cause an upset stomach due to their hard exoskeletons. Always monitor your pets in such situations.
Are Cicada Burrows a Threat to Your Garden or Campsite?
Homesteaders, outdoor gardeners, and those maintaining campsites often wonder about the impact of cicada burrows. While the sheer number of exit holes can look alarming, the actual damage is usually minimal and temporary. Understanding this can alleviate unnecessary concern.
Their presence is a sign of healthy soil and a thriving ecosystem. Rather than a threat, view them as an interesting natural phenomenon that briefly alters your landscape.
Impact on Gardens and Young Trees
The nymphs feeding underground on tree roots generally cause no significant harm to mature, healthy trees. Their sap diet is minimal compared to the tree’s overall resources. However, very young or newly planted saplings could be stressed if heavily fed upon.
The main impact in gardens comes from adult females laying eggs. They cut small slits in tree branches to deposit their eggs. This “flagging” can cause small branches to wilt and die back, but it rarely threatens the overall health of a mature tree.
Protecting Vulnerable Plants: Simple Steps
If you have young trees or valuable shrubs, you can take simple protective measures. These are especially relevant during a periodical cicada emergence.
Consider these actions:
- Netting: Cover young trees and shrubs with fine mesh netting (with holes no larger than 1/4 inch) before cicadas emerge. Secure the netting at the base of the plant.
- Delay Planting: If a major periodical cicada emergence is predicted, consider delaying the planting of new trees or shrubs until after the event.
- Water and Fertilize: Ensure your trees are well-watered and healthy. Stronger trees are better equipped to withstand minor stress.
Ecosystem Benefits: Beyond the Buzz
While their temporary presence can be intense, cicadas offer significant ecological benefits. Their burrowing aerates the soil, improving water penetration and root growth. When they emerge, their discarded exoskeletons and eventual bodies return nutrients to the soil, acting as a natural fertilizer.
They also provide a massive food source for birds, mammals, and other insects. This burst of nutrition can benefit local wildlife populations. It’s a prime example of nature’s interconnected cycles.
Coexisting with Cicadas: Tips for Outdoor Living
Embracing the cicada emergence as a unique outdoor experience is the best approach. Rather than seeing them as a nuisance, consider them a temporary, fascinating part of the natural world. For those living outdoors, whether in an RV, campervan, or homestead, adapting is part of the adventure.
These tips will help you navigate a cicada season with ease and even curiosity. It’s about being prepared and maintaining a respectful attitude towards wildlife.
RV and Campervan Considerations
If you’re traveling in an RV or campervan during a cicada emergence, you’ll likely encounter them. They might land on your vehicle, but they won’t cause damage.
Keep these in mind:
- Window Screens: Ensure all window and door screens are in good repair to keep them out of your living space.
- Engine Bay: Periodical cicadas can sometimes get into engine compartments. Check your radiator and air filters occasionally if driving through heavily affected areas to ensure they aren’t accumulating.
- Enjoy the Show: Park in a scenic spot and observe the emergence from the comfort of your rig. It’s a rare event!
Homesteading and Off-Grid Living
For homesteaders, cicadas are a part of the natural cycle that can be integrated into sustainable practices. Their brief appearance offers opportunities for observation and learning. Consider the following:
- Soil Health: Appreciate the natural soil aeration and nutrient cycling their burrowing and decomposition provide.
- Wildlife Food: Observe how local wildlife, like birds and raccoons, benefit from this temporary food source.
- Educational Opportunity: Teach children about insect life cycles and the interconnectedness of nature.
Embracing the Natural Cycle
Ultimately, coexisting with cicadas means embracing the natural world as it is. Their emergence, whether annual or periodical, is a powerful reminder of nature’s cycles and resilience. It’s an opportunity to pause, observe, and learn.
For the outdoor enthusiast, every encounter with wildlife, even a noisy one, is a chance to deepen our connection with the environment. So, when you hear that buzzing chorus, remember the incredible journey these creatures have made from deep within the earth.
Frequently Asked Questions About Cicadas
Here, we address some common questions that outdoor enthusiasts and curious individuals often have about these fascinating insects.
How long do cicadas stay underground?
Annual cicadas typically spend 2-5 years underground as nymphs. Periodical cicadas, on the other hand, have much longer subterranean lives, emerging every 13 or 17 years depending on the brood. The vast majority of their life cycle is spent below the surface.
Do cicada burrows damage lawns or foundations?
Cicada burrows, while numerous during an emergence, do not cause lasting damage to lawns. The small exit holes will naturally fill in over time with rain and foot traffic. They also pose no threat to building foundations, as their tunneling is superficial and concentrated in the top few inches to a foot of soil.
What do cicada nymphs eat while underground?
Cicada nymphs feed on the xylem sap from tree roots. They use their specialized mouthparts to tap into the root system and extract the watery, nutrient-poor fluid. This low-energy diet is why they require such a long time to develop before emerging as adults.
Can I prevent cicadas from emerging in my yard?
No, you cannot prevent cicadas from emerging if their nymphs are present in your soil. They are a natural part of the ecosystem, and their emergence is a predetermined biological event. Pesticides are generally ineffective and harmful to the environment and other beneficial insects, so they are not recommended.
Are cicadas good for the environment?
Yes, cicadas are beneficial to the environment. Their burrowing aerates the soil and improves water infiltration. When they die, their bodies decompose, returning valuable nutrients to the soil. They also serve as a crucial temporary food source for a wide variety of wildlife, boosting local ecosystems.
Understanding that do cicadas burrow in the ground is just the beginning of appreciating these incredible insects. Their hidden lives are a testament to nature’s intricate design, offering a unique spectacle when they finally emerge.
For every outdoor enthusiast, from the seasoned overlander to the first-time camper, knowledge about the natural world enriches every adventure. Embrace the hum, observe the life cycle, and marvel at the resilience of these creatures. Stay curious, stay informed, and always be ready for nature’s next amazing show!
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